WHEN WAS GAS FIRST LIQUIFIED?

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In 1877 Louis Paul Cailletet in France and Raoul Pictet in Switzerland liquefied oxygen in the form of a mist. The liquefaction of the first of the so-called permanent gases heralded the birth of low-temperature research and is often described in the literature as having started a ‘race’ for attaining progressively lower temperatures.

 

Using what we know as the Joule-Thomson Effect Cailetet cooled gas by expanding it in a closed circuit apartus.  He then used this colder gas to reduce the temperature of the fresh incoming gas, which when expanded cooled even further.  This was repeated until he achieved liquid gas.

For a motorsport analogy it's a bit like a turbo feeding on ever faster exhaust gasses.

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Web Article Source: First Liquified Gases